What are brachycephalic dog breeds, and what makes them unique?

Brachycephalic literally means "shortened," and this term refers to those dog breeds that we call flat-faced or have that really shortened snout. Some of the common brachioalic breeds are pugs, boxers, shih tzus, King Charles spaniels, and English and French bulldogs. These are the most common breeds we'll see around here. Some of their very common health issues include respiratory issues, eye issues, skin issues, and gastrointestinal issues.

Dr. Casi Alleman

Why do brachycephalic breeds have trouble breathing?

It usually pertains to some anatomical abnormalities that they have.

There are four common issues:

  1. Stenotic nares - where the opening of their nose is very small.
  2. Hypoplastic trachea - their actual airway from their nose down to their lungs is a lot smaller than it should be for their size, making it harder for them to breathe.
  3. Elongated soft palate - the palate hangs down in the airway and prevents air from moving properly.
  4. Inverted saccules - structures that invert and obstruct the airway.

These abnormalities together are called BOAS (Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome).

How can you tell if your dog is experiencing breathing difficulties?

One of the most common signs is noisy breathing, such as snoring, wheezing, and snorting. These dogs are often very exercise intolerant, meaning they are not very active or unable to run around and play for long periods. Symptoms may also include gagging or coughing, vomiting, labored breathing, cyanosis (purple tongue or gums), and in severe cases, collapse. If you see these severe signs, get them in for an exam to discuss further management.

What are some of the best ways to manage breathing issues in brachycephalic breeds?

  1. Weight Management: Keeping them at a healthy weight can manage symptoms by reducing pressure on their airways.
  2. Environmental Adjustments: Ensure access to cooler rooms and air conditioning, and avoid strenuous exercise during hot and humid weather to prevent heat-related injuries.
  3. Gentle Exercise: Engage in shorter walks and closely observe them for signs of distress.
  4. Use of a Harness: Distributes weight over their chest, preventing unnecessary pressure on the airway.

What precautions should I take when walking my brachycephalic dog in hot weather?

Heat is very dangerous, especially for brachycephalic breeds. They regulate body temperature through breathing and panting, which is already compromised. Monitor them closely for signs of overheating such as panting, drooling, weakness, and disorientation. If these signs appear, seek veterinary care immediately.

What are some surgical options available for severe breathing problems in dogs?

In severe cases, procedures can be done to help with BOAS syndrome:

  • Remove extra tissue from an elongated soft palate.
  • Remove inverted saccules.
  • Open up the nares to make the airway more open.

The hypoplastic trachea is the only condition that can't be addressed surgically, but addressing other issues often improves breathing.

How can I improve the overall quality of life for my brachycephalic breed?

Enhancing their quality of life involves:

  • Avoiding excessive heat and humidity.
  • Walking them during cooler hours of the day.
  • Maintaining a healthy weight.
  • Limiting strenuous activities.
  • Using a harness to avoid airway pressure.
  • Considering surgical intervention when necessary.

We love our brachycephalic breeds at Whittington Veterinary Clinic! We hope to see you soon.

If you have questions, we would love to answer them for you. Please give us a call at the office at (337) 893-8522, or you can email us at [email protected]. Our staff would love to talk with you!

Don't forget to follow us on social media Facebook, Instagram.